VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in the functional reproductive cycle

Recurrent VEGF-mediated angiogenesis followed by vascular regression is unique to the ovulatory cycle and highly regulated.¹

New vessel generation is essential for the whole reproductive cycle, and the role of vascular growth factors involved in regulating this process, particularly VEGF, is demonstrated by highly regulated changes in expression throughout an ovulatory cycle.^1,2

Hormonal profiles and angiogenic responses during a human ovulatory cycle¹

Adapted from Ramakrishnan S, Subramanian IV, Yokyama Y, et al. Angiogenesis. 2005;8:169-182. Figure 2 with permission from Springer Science and Business Media.

Intrafollicular levels of VEGF, in particular VEGF-A, increase during the initial part of the ovulatory cycle, peaking just before the start of the luteal phase.² Subsequent vascular regression during follicular atresia is promoted by elevated levels of angiogenic inhibitors and reduced VEGF levels toward the end of the luteal phase and the ovulation cycle. LH=luteinizing hormone; FSH=follicle-stimulating hormone; EG-VEGF=endocrine–gland derived-vascular endothelial growth factor.^1,2

References:

1.

Ramakrishnan S, Subramanian IV, Yokoyama Y, Geller M. Angiogenesis. 2005;8:169-182.

2.

Kumaran GC, Jayson GC, Clamp AR. Br J Cancer. 2009;100:1-7.