References:

You can view the abstracts for the references listed below via the National Library of Medicine's PubMed service. Just click the PubMed links. Click here to view the PubMed disclaimer and copyright notice.

1.: National Cancer Institute Dictionary of Cancer Terms. http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary. Accessed June 23, 2010.
Link to abstract on PubMed
2.: Peitras K, Östman A. Hallmarks of cancer: interactions with tumor stroma. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316:1324-1331.
Link to abstract on PubMed
3.: Theunissen JW, de Sauvage FJ. Paracrine hedgehog signaling in cancer. Cancer Res. 2009;69:6007-6010.
Link to abstract on PubMed
4.: Varnat F, Duquet A, Malerba M, et al. Human colon cancer epithelial cells harbour active HEDGEHOG-GLI signalling that is essential for tumour growth, recurrence, metastasis and stem cell survival and expansion. EMBO Mol Med. 2009;1:338-351.
Link to abstract on PubMed
5.: Yauch RL, Gould SE, Scales SJ, et al. A paracrine requirement for hedgehog signalling in cancer. Nature. 2008;455:406-410.
Link to abstract on PubMed
6.: Chen X, Horiuchi A, Kikuchi N, et al. Hedgehog signal pathway is activated in ovarian carcinomas, correlating with cell proliferation: it's inhibition leads to growth suppression and apoptosis. Cancer Sci. 2007;98:68-76.
Link to abstract on PubMed
7.: Dierks C, Grbic J, Zirlik K, et al. Essential role of stromally induced hedgehog signaling in B-cell malignancies. Nat Med. 2007;13;944-951.
Link to abstract on PubMed
8.: Hegde GV, Munger CM, Emanuel K, et al. Targeting of sonic hedgehog-GLI signaling: a potential strategy to improve therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:1450-1460.
Link to abstract on PubMed
9.: Markowitz SD, Bertagnolli MM. Molecular basis of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2449-2460.
Link to abstract on PubMed
10.: Carlson KJ, Skates SJ, Singer DE. Screening for ovarian cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:124-132.
Link to abstract on PubMed
11.: Dunphy EP. Pancreatic cancer: a review and update. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008;12:735-741.
Link to abstract on PubMed
12.: Hezel AF, Kimmelman AC, Stanger BZ, Bardeesy N, DePinho RA. Genetics and biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev. 2006;20:1218-1249.
Link to abstract on PubMed
13.: Thayer SP, di Magliano MP, Heiser PW, et al. Hedgehog is an early and late mediator of pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. Nature. 2003;425:851-856.
Link to abstract on PubMed
14.: Berman DM, Karhadkar SS, Maitra A, et al. Widespread requirement for hedgehog ligand stimulation in growth of digestive tract tumours. Nature. 2003;425:846-851.
Link to abstract on PubMed
15.: Bailey JM, Mohr AM, Hollingsworth MA. Sonic hedgehog paracrine signaling regulates metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene. 2009;28:3513-3525.
Link to abstract on PubMed
16.: Seeley ES, Carrière C, Goetze T, Longnecker DS, Korc M. Pancreatic cancer and precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions are devoid of primary cilia. Cancer Res. 2009;69:422-430.
Link to abstract on PubMed
17.: Tian H, Callahan CA, DuPree KJ, et al. Hedgehog signaling is restricted to the stromal compartment during pancreatic carcinogenesis. PNAS. 2009;106:4254-4259.
Link to abstract on PubMed
18.: Nolan-Stevaux O, Lau J, Truitt ML, et al. GLI1 is regulated through smoothened-independent mechanisms in neoplastic pancreatic ducts and mediates PDAC cell survival and transformation. Genes Dev. 2009;23:24-36.
Link to abstract on PubMed
19.: Karhadkar SS, Bova GS, Abdallah N, et al. Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis. Nature. 2004;431:707-712.
Link to abstract on PubMed
20.: Vestergaard J, Pedersen MW, Pederson N, et al. Hedgehog signaling in small-cell lung cancer: frequent in vivo but a rare event in vitro. Lung Cancer. 2006;52:281-290.
Link to abstract on PubMed
21.: Zhao C, Chen A, Jamieson CH, et al. Hedgehog signalling is essential for maintenance of cancer stem cells in myeloid leukaemia. Nature. 2009;458:776-780.
Link to abstract on PubMed